所以，我们的毅力应该放在改变菌群上，而不是直接控制饥饿感或饱腹感，而且你也控制不了。

参考文献： 1.US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves new indication for Ozempic (semaglutide) to reduce the risk of kidney disease worsening, kidney failure, and cardiovascular death in adults with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Press Release, January 28, 2025.https://www.fda.gov/drugs 2.Perkovic V, Tuttle KR, Rossing P, et al. Effects of semaglutide on chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.N Engl J Med, 2024; 391(2): 109-121. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2403347 3.Lincoff AM, Brown-Frandsen K, Colhoun HM, et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in obesity without diabetes.N Engl J Med, 2023; 389(24): 2221-2232. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2307563 4.Deanfield J, Lincoff AM, Kahn SE, et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes by baseline and changes in adiposity measurements: a prespecified analysis of the SELECT trial.Lancet, 2025; 406(10456): 852-864. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01375-3 5.Plutzky J, et al. Early reduction in cardiovascular events observed with semaglutide 2.4 mg prior to clinically meaningful changes in body weight: a post hoc analysis of the SELECT trial. Presented at: European Congress on Obesity (ECO); May 13, 2025. 6.Newsome PN, Sanyal AJ, Francque SM, et al. Phase 3 trial of semaglutide in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (ESSENCE).N Engl J Med, 2025; 392(18): 1827-1838. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2413258 7.Wong CK, Drucker DJ. Antiinflammatory actions of glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies beyond metabolic benefits.J Clin Invest, 2025; 135(21): e194751. DOI: 10.1172/JCI194751 8.Novo Nordisk. Evoke and Evoke+ phase 3 trials did not demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in Alzheimer's disease progression. Press Release, November 24, 2025. 9.Hendershot CS, Bremmer MP, Paladino MB, et al. Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with alcohol use disorder: a randomized clinical trial.JAMA Psychiatry, 2025; 82(4): 395-405. DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.4646 10.National Institutes of Health. Adding weekly GLP-1 to cognitive behavioral therapy further reduces heavy drinking. NIH News Release, February 12, 2025.https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases 11.Lähteenvuo M, Tiihonen J, Solismaa A, et al. Repurposing semaglutide and liraglutide for alcohol use disorder.JAMA Psychiatry, 2024; 81(12): 1191-1199. DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3597 12.Cai M, Al-Aly Z, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of substance use disorders among US veterans with type 2 diabetes: cohort study.BMJ, 2026; 392: e086886. DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2025-086886 13.Malhotra A, Grunstein RR, Fietze I, et al. Tirzepatide for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and obesity (SURMOUNT-OSA).N Engl J Med, 2024; 391(13): 1193-1205. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2404881 14.Hu C, Zhang Y, Chen X, et al. Advances in GLP-1 receptor agonists for pain treatment and their future potential.J Headache Pain, 2025; 26(1): 60. DOI: 10.1186/s10194-025-01979-4 15.Orland MD, et al. Can GLP-1 receptor agonists mitigate cancer progression? A real-world analysis of over 10,000 patients.J Clin Oncol, 2026; 44(16_suppl): 3143. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2026.44.16_suppl.3143 16.Paulus JK, et al. GLP-1 receptor agonists and mortality in patients with cancer: a real-world analysis.J Clin Oncol, 2026; 44(16_suppl): 3636. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2026.44.16_suppl.3636 17.Kong X, Zhao Y, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of GLP-1 receptor agonists: an umbrella review of clinical outcomes across multiple diseases.Nat Commun, 2025; 16: 4512. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-67701-9文 | 菠萝 如果你在吉林大学中日联谊医院的走廊里遇到张茗然，你大概不会多看他一眼，因为他就是一个普普通通的骨科医生。